第53章 · 多版本对照

中文版本
通行本(王弼本)
使我介然有知,行于大道,唯施是畏。大道甚夷,而人好径。朝甚除,田甚芜,仓甚虚;服文采,带利剑,厌饮食,财货有馀;是为盗夸。非道也哉!
王弼注
言若使我可介然有知.行大道于天下.唯施为是畏也.言大道荡然正平.而民犹尚舍之而不由.好从邪径.况复施为以塞大道之中乎.故曰大道甚夷而民好径.朝宫室也.除洁好也.朝甚除则田甚芜食甚虚.设一而众害生也.凡物不以其道得之则皆邪也.邪则盗也.夸而不以其道得之.盗夸也贵而不以其道得之窃位也.故举非道以明.非道则皆盗夸也.
河上公注
使我介然有知,行於大道,介,大也。老子疾時王不行大道,故設此言,使我介然有知於政事,我則行於大道,躬無為之化。唯施是畏。唯,獨也。獨畏有所施為,失道意。欲賞善,恐偽善生。欲信忠,恐詐忠起。大道甚夷,夷,平易也。而民好徑。徑,邪不平正也。大道甚平易,而民好從邪徑也。○好,去聲。朝甚除,高臺榭宮室修。田甚蕪,農事廢,不耕治。○蕪,音無。倉甚虛;五穀傷害,國無儲也。服文綵,好飾偽,貴尚華。帶利劍,尚剛強,武且奢。厭飲食,財貨有餘;多嗜欲,無足時。是為盜夸。百姓不足而君有餘者,是由劫盜以為服飾,持行夸人,不知身死家破,親戚并隨也。非道哉﹗人君所行如是,此非道也。復言哉者,痛傷之辭。
帛书异文
帛书本'使我介然有知'作'使我挈然有知','行于大道'作'行于大道'。
郭店异文
郭店楚简无此章内容。
English Versions
D.C. Lau 译本
Were I possessed of the least knowledge, I would, when walking on the great way, fear only paths that lead astray. The great way is easy, yet people prefer by-paths. The court is corrupt, The fields are overgrown with weeds, The granaries are empty; Yet there are those dressed in fineries, With swords at their sides, Filled with food and drink, And possessed of too much wealth. This is known as taking the lead in robbery. Far indeed is this from the way.
Henricks 译本(基于帛书)
1. Were I to have the least bit of knowledge, in walking on a Great Rod, it's only going astray that I would fear. 2. The Great Way is very level; 3. But people greatly delight in tortuous paths. 4. The courts are swept very clean; 5. While the fields are full of weeds; 6. And the granaries are all empty. 7. Their clothing — richly embroidered and colored; 8. While at their waists they carry sharp swords. 9. They gorge themselves on food, and of possessions and goods they have plenty. 10. This is called thievery! 11. And thievery certainly isn't the Way!
Addiss & Lombardo 诗意译本
If I have slight knowledge, walking the great way, I only fear deviation. The great way is very level, but people love shortcuts. When the court is corrupt, the fields are overgrown, the granaries are empty, yet some wear embroidered clothes and carry sharp swords, gorge on food and drink, and have wealth in surplus. This is called robbery and extravagance, not the way.
王夫之《老子衍》
天下不勝「知」也。「知」而「施」之,則物之情狀死於己之耳目,而耳目亦將死於情狀矣。然則將去知乎?而知亦無容去也。有知者,有使找知者。知者自謂久知,而使我知者用其「介然」而已。知「介然」之靡常,則己無留好。己無留好,而天下不羨其留,雖施不足畏,而況於知?俄頃之光,而終身之據;已尚之物,亦從而尚之。莽、操之奉堯、舜為竽,黃巾、赤眉之奉湯、武為竽,與陰陽之沴奉凝滯之衝氣以為竽而盜其生等也。道之不可以「介然」行也,如斯夫!
憨山德清注
此章示人立言之指,使知而行之,欲其深造而自得也。老子自謂我所言者,皆人人日用中最省力一著工夫。明明白白,甚容易知,容易行。只是人不能知,不能行耳。以我言言事事,皆以大道為主,非是漫衍荒唐之說。故曰言有宗,事有君。宗,君,皆主也。且如一往所說,絕聖棄智,虛心無我,謙下不爭,忘形釋智,件件都是最省力工夫,放下便是,全不用你多知多解。只在休心二字,豈不最易知最易行耶。然人之所以不能知者,因從來人人都在知見上用心。除卻知字,便無下落。以我無知無識一著,極難湊泊,所以人不知我耳。故曰夫惟無知,是以不我知。然無知一著,不獨老子法門宗旨,即孔子亦同。如曰吾有知乎哉,無知也,有鄙夫問於我空空如也,此豈不是孔聖亦以無知為心宗耶。此夫子見老子後,方得妙悟如此。故稱猶龍,正謂此耳。然以無知契無知,如以空合空。若以有知求無知,如以水投石。所以孔老心法,千古罕明。故曰知我者希。若能當下頓悟此心,則立地便是聖人,故曰則我者貴。則,謂法則。言取法也。聖人懷此虛心妙道以遊世。則終日與人周旋,對面不識。故如披褐懷王。永嘉云,貧則身常披縷褐,道則心藏無價珍。此一章書,當在末後結束。蓋老子向上一往所言天人之蘊,至此已發露太盡,故著此語。後章只是要人在日用著力做工夫,以至妙悟而後已。
通行本(王弼本)
使我介然有知,行于大道,唯施是畏。大道甚夷,而人好径。朝甚除,田甚芜,仓甚虚;服文采,带利剑,厌饮食,财货有馀;是为盗夸。非道也哉!
王弼注
言若使我可介然有知.行大道于天下.唯施为是畏也.言大道荡然正平.而民犹尚舍之而不由.好从邪径.况复施为以塞大道之中乎.故曰大道甚夷而民好径.朝宫室也.除洁好也.朝甚除则田甚芜食甚虚.设一而众害生也.凡物不以其道得之则皆邪也.邪则盗也.夸而不以其道得之.盗夸也贵而不以其道得之窃位也.故举非道以明.非道则皆盗夸也.
河上公注
使我介然有知,行於大道,介,大也。老子疾時王不行大道,故設此言,使我介然有知於政事,我則行於大道,躬無為之化。唯施是畏。唯,獨也。獨畏有所施為,失道意。欲賞善,恐偽善生。欲信忠,恐詐忠起。大道甚夷,夷,平易也。而民好徑。徑,邪不平正也。大道甚平易,而民好從邪徑也。○好,去聲。朝甚除,高臺榭宮室修。田甚蕪,農事廢,不耕治。○蕪,音無。倉甚虛;五穀傷害,國無儲也。服文綵,好飾偽,貴尚華。帶利劍,尚剛強,武且奢。厭飲食,財貨有餘;多嗜欲,無足時。是為盜夸。百姓不足而君有餘者,是由劫盜以為服飾,持行夸人,不知身死家破,親戚并隨也。非道哉﹗人君所行如是,此非道也。復言哉者,痛傷之辭。
王夫之注
天下不勝「知」也。「知」而「施」之,則物之情狀死於己之耳目,而耳目亦將死於情狀矣。然則將去知乎?而知亦無容去也。有知者,有使找知者。知者自謂久知,而使我知者用其「介然」而已。知「介然」之靡常,則己無留好。己無留好,而天下不羨其留,雖施不足畏,而況於知?俄頃之光,而終身之據;已尚之物,亦從而尚之。莽、操之奉堯、舜為竽,黃巾、赤眉之奉湯、武為竽,與陰陽之沴奉凝滯之衝氣以為竽而盜其生等也。道之不可以「介然」行也,如斯夫!
憨山德清注
此章示人立言之指,使知而行之,欲其深造而自得也。老子自謂我所言者,皆人人日用中最省力一著工夫。明明白白,甚容易知,容易行。只是人不能知,不能行耳。以我言言事事,皆以大道為主,非是漫衍荒唐之說。故曰言有宗,事有君。宗,君,皆主也。且如一往所說,絕聖棄智,虛心無我,謙下不爭,忘形釋智,件件都是最省力工夫,放下便是,全不用你多知多解。只在休心二字,豈不最易知最易行耶。然人之所以不能知者,因從來人人都在知見上用心。除卻知字,便無下落。以我無知無識一著,極難湊泊,所以人不知我耳。故曰夫惟無知,是以不我知。然無知一著,不獨老子法門宗旨,即孔子亦同。如曰吾有知乎哉,無知也,有鄙夫問於我空空如也,此豈不是孔聖亦以無知為心宗耶。此夫子見老子後,方得妙悟如此。故稱猶龍,正謂此耳。然以無知契無知,如以空合空。若以有知求無知,如以水投石。所以孔老心法,千古罕明。故曰知我者希。若能當下頓悟此心,則立地便是聖人,故曰則我者貴。則,謂法則。言取法也。聖人懷此虛心妙道以遊世。則終日與人周旋,對面不識。故如披褐懷王。永嘉云,貧則身常披縷褐,道則心藏無價珍。此一章書,當在末後結束。蓋老子向上一往所言天人之蘊,至此已發露太盡,故著此語。後章只是要人在日用著力做工夫,以至妙悟而後已。
帛书异文
帛书本'使我介然有知'作'使我挈然有知','行于大道'作'行于大道'。
郭店异文
郭店楚简无此章内容。
D.C. Lau 英译
Were I possessed of the least knowledge, I would, when walking on the great way, fear only paths that lead astray. The great way is easy, yet people prefer by-paths. The court is corrupt, The fields are overgrown with weeds, The granaries are empty; Yet there are those dressed in fineries, With swords at their sides, Filled with food and drink, And possessed of too much wealth. This is known as taking the lead in robbery. Far indeed is this from the way.
差异高亮模式:突出显示各版本之间的主要差异
原文 vs 帛书异文
通行本 帛书差异
使我介然有知,行于大道,唯施是畏。大道甚夷,而人好径。朝甚除,田甚芜,仓甚虚;服文采,带利剑,厌饮食,财货有馀;是为盗夸。非道也哉! 帛书本'使我介然有知'作'使我挈然有知','行于大道'作'行于大道'。
王弼注 vs 河上公注
王弼注 河上公注
言若使我可介然有知.行大道于天下.唯施为是畏也.言大道荡然正平.而民犹尚舍之而不由.好从邪径.况复施为以塞大道之中乎.故曰大道甚夷而民好径.朝宫室也.除洁好也.朝甚除则田甚芜食甚虚.设一而众害生也.凡物不以其道得之则皆邪也.邪则盗也.夸而不以其道得之.盗夸也贵而不以其道得之窃位也.故举非道以明.非道则皆盗夸也. 使我介然有知,行於大道,介,大也。老子疾時王不行大道,故設此言,使我介然有知於政事,我則行於大道,躬無為之化。唯施是畏。唯,獨也。獨畏有所施為,失道意。欲賞善,恐偽善生。欲信忠,恐詐忠起。大道甚夷,夷,平易也。而民好徑。徑,邪不平正也。大道甚平易,而民好從邪徑也。○好,去聲。朝甚除,高臺榭宮室修。田甚蕪,農事廢,不耕治。○蕪,音無。倉甚虛;五穀傷害,國無儲也。服文綵,好飾偽,貴尚華。帶利劍,尚剛強,武且奢。厭飲食,財貨有餘;多嗜欲,無足時。是為盜夸。百姓不足而君有餘者,是由劫盜以為服飾,持行夸人,不知身死家破,親戚并隨也。非道哉﹗人君所行如是,此非道也。復言哉者,痛傷之辭。