📖 相关成语
第37章 · 原文
现代白话译文
道永远是顺其自然而无不为的。侯王如果能守住它,万物将会自然化育。化育过程中如果有欲望产生,我将用无名的朴来镇住它。无名的朴,也就是没有欲望。没有欲望就能安静,天下将会自然安定。
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王弼注(魏晋)
顺自然也.万物无不由为以治以成之也.化而欲作作欲成也.吾将鎭之无名之朴.不为主也.无欲竞也.
河上公注(汉)
道常無為道以無為為常也。而無不為。侯王若能守,萬物將自化。言侯王若能守道,萬物將自化效於己也。化而欲作,吾將鎮之以無名之朴。吾,身也。無名之朴,道也。萬物以化效於己也。復欲作巧偽者,侯王當身鎮撫以道德。無名之朴,亦將不欲。不欲以靜,言侯王鎮撫以道德,民亦將不欲改,當以清靜導化之也。天下將自定。能如是者,天下將自正定也。
苏辙《老子解》(北宋)
侯王若能守,萬物將自化。化而欲作,吾將鎮之以無名之樸。 聖人以無為化物,萬物化之,始於無為而漸至於作,譬如嬰兒之長,人偽日起。故三代之衰,人情之變,日以益甚,方其欲作,而上之人與天下皆靡,故其變至有不可勝言者。苟其方作而不為之動,終以無名之樸鎮之,庶幾可得而止也。 聖人中無抱樸之念,外無抱樸之述,故樸全而用大。苟欲樸之心尚存於胸中,則失之遠矣。 #2亦大矣:原本作『益大矣』,據寶顏本改。 #3以前制其後:啊前一原作啊『全』,據寶顏本改。
王夫之《老子衍》(明末清初)
藏樸者,終古而有器之用;見樸者,用極於器而止矣。故無名與有名為侶,而非能無也。畏其用而與有名為侶,故並去其欲。嬰城以守國者,不邀折衝之功;閉閣以守身者,不為感帨之拒;知物之本正,而不敢正之以化也。其為道也,測之於重玄而反淺、闓之於妙門而反深。以為無用,而有用居然矣;以為有用,而無用居然矣。終日散而未始不盈,徽息通而蠕然似有。兩壘立而善守其間,兩端馳而善俟其反,則樸又何足言,而玄又何足以盡之哉?
憨山德清《老子道德经解》(明)
此言聖人法天制用,與道為一,故能勝物而物不能勝。以申明前章不言之教,無為之益也。大成若缺,其用不敝者。若天地生物曲成萬物而不遺,可謂成之大矣。然必春生而夏方長之,秋殺而冬方成之。以此觀之,似若有所缺。苟不如此,若一徑生長而無秋冬之肅殺。不但物不能成,而造物者亦將用之而敝矣。由其若缺,故所成者大,而其用不敝也。大盈若沖,其用不窮者。若陽和之氣,充塞天地,無處不至,無物不足,可謂盈矣。其體沖虛而不可見。若塊然可見,亦將用之有盡矣。由其若沖,故既已為人己愈有,既已與人己愈多,故其用不窮也。大直若屈者。若一氣浩然,至大至剛,可謂直矣。然潛伏隱微,委曲周匝,細入無間,故若屈。由若屈,故能伸其生意也。大巧若拙者。若天之生物,刻雕眾形而不見其巧。故云若拙。若恃其巧者,巧於此而拙於彼,則巧非大矣。大辯若訥者。上云若缺,則天地無全功,故人猶有所憾。然天何言哉,四時行焉,百物生焉。是則生物之功,不辯而自白矣。故曰若訥。是以天地不言而萬物成,聖人不言而教化行。以聖人法天制用,故以不言之教,無為之化,似乎不勝,而物卒莫能勝之也。且躁能勝寒而不能勝熱,靜能勝熱而不能勝寒。斯皆有所勝,則有所不勝。是故聖人貴乎清淨為天下正。此其不言之教,無為之益,天下希及之矣。
李涵虚《道德经注释》(清)
【道常无为而不为。侯王若能守,万物将自化。化而欲作,吾将镇之以无名之朴。无名之朴,亦将不欲。不欲以静,天下将自正。】 无为无不为者,无为之为,即是有为。契所谓处中制外、凝神成躯者是也。侯王能守,万物自化。恭己无为,可治天下。太古之遗风,不可想乎?惟是承平久而动作兴,宴乐繁华,非国家之福也。吾将镇之以浑然之朴,使彼守朴还真,庶几欲作者不欲作焉。不欲作,则万物恬静,不求天下正,而天下将自正也。
黄元吉《道德经真义》(清)
道常无为而无不为。侯王若能守之,万物皆自化。化而欲作,吾将镇之以无名之朴。无名之朴,夫亦将不欲。不欲以静,天下将自定。 道虽自然无为,然著于无为,又成顽空之学。须于无为植其本,有为端其用,无为而有为,有为仍无为,斯体立而道行,道全而德备矣。所谓常应常静,常寂常惺,放之则弥满六合,卷之则潜伏方衷。即此冲漠无朕之时,有此坐照无遗之概。虽曰无为,而有为寓其中;虽曰有为,而无为赅其内。斯大道在我,大本常存。任尊贵王侯,若无此道为根本,则万物皆隔阂而难化。惟能持守此道,则天下人物,性情相感,声气相通,自默化潜移,而太平有象矣。虽然,承平日久,古道难敦。此亦情所必至,理有固然,无足怪也。及创造频仍,繁华肇起,人心愈险,祸乱弥多。此又天地之气数,人所不能逃者。惟圣人具保泰持盈之法,久安长治之谋。于文物初开之世,而以无为、无作、无思、无虑,浑然无名之太朴,为之修诸己而措诸人,导于前而引于后,纯乎天不杂以人,所以内镇宫廷,外镇天下。屯之初九,日盘桓利居贞,为草昧未开者之一镇也。夫石蕴玉而山辉,水怀珠而川媚。凡朴之镇犹且如此,况无名之朴?合民物而一为之镇乎?倘不归浑穆,断难使会极归极,咸登衽席之安。惟不识不知,顺帝之则,浑忘道德,不识天人,斯为得之。故曰:“无名之朴,亦将不欲,不欲以静,天下自正。”此殆恬淡无欲,郅治无为,上不知所为化,下不知所为应,上与下两相安于无为之道,有不知其然而然者。舜之无为而治,所以独隆千古也。为民上者,可不以无为为本哉? 此论治世之道,无为为本。修身之道,亦不外此。侯王比人之身,至尊至贵,俗云“一劫人身万劫难,既得人身遇已奇”矣。又闻正法,不更美乎?于此不修,则精神必耗,身命难延。一转眼间,气息泯灭,又不知为鬼为蜮,或兽或禽。轮回六道,辗转不停,何时才得出头?今逢法筳大展,大道宏开,可不急急修持,而令岁月之蹉跎耶?万物比人身中五官百体,精神血气,能守此无为常道,则诸虑自息,百骸俱理,肌肤润泽,毛发晶莹,不啻金相玉质。侯王能守,万物自化,比一心内照,则变化通灵。然火候未纯,气质尚在。当此精神大整,智慧频生,或好谈过去未来,以逞其才;或喜语建功立业以夸于世。种种作为,皆由道德未纯之故。惟此玉液丹成,重安炉鼎,再辟乾坤,仍以无名太朴,倾于八卦炉中,内用天然神火,外加增减凡炉,久久火化,连无名之朴亦浑忘焉。此无知无欲,恬然淡然,则凡身变化,自返还于先天一气,而仙道成矣。所谓“不欲以静,天下将自正”者。太上治世修身之道,其一以贯之者欤!
魏源《老子本义》(清)
吴氏澄曰。以成为成。以盈为盈。以直为直。以巧辩为巧辩。小矣。若缺则非成。若冲则非盈。若屈则非直。若拙若讷则非巧辩。乃为成盈直巧辩之大者也。大抵相反而相为用。前章屡见。皆此意也。阳之躁胜阴之寒。阴之静胜阳之热。亦相反而相为用也。正犹正长之正。犹言为天下君也。夫为天下之君者亦多事矣。然弊弊然有为者。反不若清静者之无为而无不为。故能为天下正。反者道之动如此。人之徇有而忘本者可以悟矣。苏氏辙曰。直而不屈。其屈必折。循理而行。虽屈亦直。巧而不拙。其巧必劳。付物自然。虽拙而巧。辩而不讷。其辩必穷。因理而言。虽讷而辩。叶氏梦得曰。寒暑者天地之气也。有人于此。躁犹可以胜寒。静犹可以胜热。而况自然无为之清静。其尚不足以制天下之动而贞夫一者乎。则缺胜成。冲胜盈。屈胜直。拙讷胜巧辩。从可知矣。世人不察此。力求胜物而愈莫能胜。清静正天下。以不胜胜之也。}}
马王堆帛书异文(西汉)
道恒无为也,侯王能守之,而万物将自化。
郭店楚简异文(战国)
此章缺
老子想尔注(东汉·张陵/张道陵)
“道常无为而无不为。”道性不为恶事,故能神无所不作,道人当法之。“王侯若能守。”王者虽尊,犹常畏道,奉诫行之。“万物将自化。”王者法道为政,吏民庶孽子,悉化为道。“化如欲作,吾将镇之以无名之朴。”失正变得耶,耶改得正。今王者法道,民悉从正,斋正而止,不可复变,变为耶矣。观其将变,道便镇制之。检以无名之朴,教诫见也。王者亦当法道镇制之,而不能制者,世俗悉变为耶矣,下古世是也。“无名之朴,亦将不欲。”道性於俗间都无所欲,王者亦当法之。“无欲以静,天地自正。”道常无欲乐清静,故令天地常正。天地道臣也,王者法道行诫,臣下悉皆自正矣。
道德真经指归(汉·严遵)
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临川集·老子注(宋·王安石)
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多语言译本 / Multilingual Translations
D.C. Lau 刘殿爵(香港汉学家)
The way never acts, yet nothing is left undone. Should lords and princes be able to hold fast to it, The myriad creatures would be transformed of their own accord. After they are transformed, should desire raise its head, I shall press it down with the weight of the nameless uncarved block. The nameless uncarved block Is but freedom from desire, And if I cease to desire and remain still, The empire will be at peace of its own accord.
Robert Henricks(马王堆帛书研究专家)
1. The Dao is constantly nameless. 2. Were Marquises and kings able to maintain it, 3. The ten thousand things would transform on their own. 4. Having transformed, were their desires to become active, 5. I would subdue them with the nameless simplicity. 6. Having subdued them with the nameless simplicity, 7. I would not disgrace them. 8. By not being disgraced, they will be tranquil. 9. And Heaven and Earth will of themselves be correct and right. 10. The Way — 2,426 [characters]
Addiss & Lombardo
The way is always without action, yet nothing is left undone. If lords and kings can hold to it, the ten thousand things will transform themselves. If transformed desires arise, I will suppress them with nameless simplicity. Nameless simplicity itself has no desire. Without desire and stillness, the world will right itself.
Arthur Waley 亚瑟·韦利(英国汉学家经典译本)
Tao never does; Yet through it all things are done. If the barons and kings would but possess themselves of it, The ten thousand creatures would at once be transformed. And if having been transformed they should desire to act, We must restrain them by the blankness of the Unnamed. The blankness of the Unnamed Brings dispassion; To be dispassionate is to be still. And so, of itself, the whole empire will be at rest.
Lin Yutang 林语堂(中国学者英译)
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Stephen Mitchell(现代流行译本)
The Tao never does anything, yet through it all things are done. If powerful men and women could venter themselves in it, the whole world would be transformed by itself, in its natural rhythms. People would be content with their simple, everyday lives, in harmony, and free of desire. When there is no desire, all things are at peace.
日本語訳 Japanese Translation
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