第30章 · 多版本对照
中文版本
通行本（王弼本）
以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下。其事好还。师之所处，荆棘生焉。大军之后，必有凶年。善有果而已，不以取强。果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而勿骄，果而不得已，果而勿强。物壮则老，是谓不道，不道早已。
王弼注
以道佐人主．尚不可以兵强于天下．况人主躬于道者乎．为治者务欲立功生事．而有道者务欲还反无为．故云其事好还也．言师凶害之物也．无有所济．必有所伤．贼害人民．残荒田亩．故曰荆棘生焉．果犹济也．言善用师者．趣以济难而已矣．不以兵力取强于天下也．吾不以师道为尚．不得已而用．何矜骄之有也．言用兵虽趣功济难．然时故不得已当复后用者．但当以除暴乱．不遂用果以为强也．壮武力暴兴．喩以兵强于天下者也．飘风不终朝．骤雨不终日．故暴兴必不道．早已也.
河上公注
以道佐人主者，謂人主能以道自輔佐也。不以兵強天下。以道自佐之主，不以兵革順天任德，敵人自服。其事好還。其舉事好還，自責不怨於人也。○好，去聲。還，音旋。師之所處，荊棘生焉。農事廢，天不修。大軍之後，必有凶年。天應之以惡氣，即害五穀，五穀盡，傷人也。善者果而已，善兵者，當果敢而已不休。不敢以取強。不以果敢取強大之名也。果而勿矜，當果敢謙卑，勿自矜大也。果而勿伐，當果敢推讓，勿自伐，取其美也。果而勿驕。驕，欺也。果敢勿以驕欺人。果而不得已，當果敢至誠，不當迫不得已也。果而勿強。果敢勿以為強兵堅甲，以侵陵人也。物壯則老，草木壯極則枯落，人壯極則衰老也。言強者不可以壯。是謂不道，枯老者，生不行道也。不道早已。不行道者早死。
帛书异文
帛书本'以道佐人主'作'以道佐人主'，'不以兵强天下'作'不以兵强于天下'。
郭店异文
郭店本'以道佐人主'章存在，文字与通行本接近。
English Versions
D.C. Lau 译本
One who assists the ruler of men by means of the way does not intimidate the empire by a show of arms. This is something which is liable to rebound. Where troops have encamped There will brambles grow; In the wake of a mighty army Bad harvests follow without fail. One who is good aims only at bringing his campaign to a conclusion and dare not thereby intimidate. Bring it to a conclusion but do not brag; Bring it to a conclusion but do not be arrogant; Bring it to a conclusion but only when there is no choice; Bring it to a conclusion but do not intimidate. A creature in its prime doing harm to the old Is known as going against the way. That which goes against the way will come to an early end.
Henricks 译本（基于帛书）
1. Those who assist their rulers with the Way, 2. Don't use weapons to commit violence in the world. 3. Such deeds easily rebound. 4. In places where armies are stationed, thorns and brambles will grow. 5. The good [general] achieves his result and that's all; 6. He does not use the occasion to seize strength from it. 7. He achieves his result but does not become arrogant; 8. He achieves his result but does not praise his deeds; 9. He achieves his result and yet does not brag. 10. He achieves his result, yet he abides with the result because he has no choice. 11. This is called achieving one's result [without] using force. 12. When things reach their primes, they get old; 13. We called this "not the Way." 14. What is not the Way will come to an early end.
Addiss & Lombardo 诗意译本
Those who use the way to assist the master do not use weapons to coerce the world. Such things have repercussions. Where the army camps, thorns and brambles grow. A great army is inevitably followed by a bad year. One who is good achieves his purpose and stops, does not use force to achieve it. Achieves but does not rely on it, achieves but does not dwell on it, achieves but does not boast, achieves but only when unavoidable, achieves but does not use force. Things thrive then grow old. This is called not following the way. What does not follow the way will perish early.
王夫之《老子衍》
最下用兵以殺，其上用兵以生。夫以生生者且贅，而況殺生乎？人未嘗不生，而我何勸？又況夫功之門為害之府也，人未嘗不生，不能聽其生；物未嘗不殺，不能恃其殺。須臾之不忍，而自命為果，不已誣乎？故善禁暴者，俟其消，不摧其息；善治情者，塞其息，不強其消；善貴生者，持其消息之間，不犯其消息之衝；雖有患，不至於早已。
憨山德清注
此承上言聖人不為已甚，故誡之不可以兵強天下也。凡以兵強者，過甚之事也。勢極則反，故其事好還。師之所處，必蹂踐民物，無不殘掠，故荊棘生。大軍之後，殺傷和氣，故五穀疵癘而年歲凶，此必然之勢也。然於濟弱扶傾，除暴救民，蓋有不得不用之者，惟在善用。善用者，果而已。已者，休也，此也。果，猶言結果。俗云了事便休。謂但可了事令其平服便休，不敢以此常取強焉。縱能了事，而亦不可自矜其能。亦不可自伐其功。亦不可驕恃其氣。到底若出不得已。此所謂果而不可以取強也。取強者，速敗之道。且物壯甚則易老，況兵強乎。凡物恃其強壯而過動者，必易傷。如世人恃強而用力過者，必夭死於力。恃壯而過於酒色者，必夭死於酒色。蓋傷元氣也。元氣傷，則死之速。兵強亦然。故曰是謂不道。不道早已。已者，絕也。又已者，止也。言既知其為不道，則當速止而不可再為也，亦通。孟子言威天下不以兵革之利，其有聞於此乎。
通行本（王弼本）
以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下。其事好还。师之所处，荆棘生焉。大军之后，必有凶年。善有果而已，不以取强。果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而勿骄，果而不得已，果而勿强。物壮则老，是谓不道，不道早已。
王弼注
以道佐人主．尚不可以兵强于天下．况人主躬于道者乎．为治者务欲立功生事．而有道者务欲还反无为．故云其事好还也．言师凶害之物也．无有所济．必有所伤．贼害人民．残荒田亩．故曰荆棘生焉．果犹济也．言善用师者．趣以济难而已矣．不以兵力取强于天下也．吾不以师道为尚．不得已而用．何矜骄之有也．言用兵虽趣功济难．然时故不得已当复后用者．但当以除暴乱．不遂用果以为强也．壮武力暴兴．喩以兵强于天下者也．飘风不终朝．骤雨不终日．故暴兴必不道．早已也.
河上公注
以道佐人主者，謂人主能以道自輔佐也。不以兵強天下。以道自佐之主，不以兵革順天任德，敵人自服。其事好還。其舉事好還，自責不怨於人也。○好，去聲。還，音旋。師之所處，荊棘生焉。農事廢，天不修。大軍之後，必有凶年。天應之以惡氣，即害五穀，五穀盡，傷人也。善者果而已，善兵者，當果敢而已不休。不敢以取強。不以果敢取強大之名也。果而勿矜，當果敢謙卑，勿自矜大也。果而勿伐，當果敢推讓，勿自伐，取其美也。果而勿驕。驕，欺也。果敢勿以驕欺人。果而不得已，當果敢至誠，不當迫不得已也。果而勿強。果敢勿以為強兵堅甲，以侵陵人也。物壯則老，草木壯極則枯落，人壯極則衰老也。言強者不可以壯。是謂不道，枯老者，生不行道也。不道早已。不行道者早死。
王夫之注
最下用兵以殺，其上用兵以生。夫以生生者且贅，而況殺生乎？人未嘗不生，而我何勸？又況夫功之門為害之府也，人未嘗不生，不能聽其生；物未嘗不殺，不能恃其殺。須臾之不忍，而自命為果，不已誣乎？故善禁暴者，俟其消，不摧其息；善治情者，塞其息，不強其消；善貴生者，持其消息之間，不犯其消息之衝；雖有患，不至於早已。
憨山德清注
此承上言聖人不為已甚，故誡之不可以兵強天下也。凡以兵強者，過甚之事也。勢極則反，故其事好還。師之所處，必蹂踐民物，無不殘掠，故荊棘生。大軍之後，殺傷和氣，故五穀疵癘而年歲凶，此必然之勢也。然於濟弱扶傾，除暴救民，蓋有不得不用之者，惟在善用。善用者，果而已。已者，休也，此也。果，猶言結果。俗云了事便休。謂但可了事令其平服便休，不敢以此常取強焉。縱能了事，而亦不可自矜其能。亦不可自伐其功。亦不可驕恃其氣。到底若出不得已。此所謂果而不可以取強也。取強者，速敗之道。且物壯甚則易老，況兵強乎。凡物恃其強壯而過動者，必易傷。如世人恃強而用力過者，必夭死於力。恃壯而過於酒色者，必夭死於酒色。蓋傷元氣也。元氣傷，則死之速。兵強亦然。故曰是謂不道。不道早已。已者，絕也。又已者，止也。言既知其為不道，則當速止而不可再為也，亦通。孟子言威天下不以兵革之利，其有聞於此乎。
帛书异文
帛书本'以道佐人主'作'以道佐人主'，'不以兵强天下'作'不以兵强于天下'。
郭店异文
郭店本'以道佐人主'章存在，文字与通行本接近。
D.C. Lau 英译
One who assists the ruler of men by means of the way does not intimidate the empire by a show of arms. This is something which is liable to rebound. Where troops have encamped There will brambles grow; In the wake of a mighty army Bad harvests follow without fail. One who is good aims only at bringing his campaign to a conclusion and dare not thereby intimidate. Bring it to a conclusion but do not brag; Bring it to a conclusion but do not be arrogant; Bring it to a conclusion but only when there is no choice; Bring it to a conclusion but do not intimidate. A creature in its prime doing harm to the old Is known as going against the way. That which goes against the way will come to an early end.
差异高亮模式：突出显示各版本之间的主要差异
原文 vs 帛书异文
| 通行本 | 帛书差异 |
|---|---|
| 以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下。其事好还。师之所处，荆棘生焉。大军之后，必有凶年。善有果而已，不以取强。果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而勿骄，果而不得已，果而勿强。物壮则老，是谓不道，不道早已。 | 帛书本'以道佐人主'作'以道佐人主'，'不以兵强天下'作'不以兵强于天下'。 |
王弼注 vs 河上公注
| 王弼注 | 河上公注 |
|---|---|
| 以道佐人主．尚不可以兵强于天下．况人主躬于道者乎．为治者务欲立功生事．而有道者务欲还反无为．故云其事好还也．言师凶害之物也．无有所济．必有所伤．贼害人民．残荒田亩．故曰荆棘生焉．果犹济也．言善用师者．趣以济难而已矣．不以兵力取强于天下也．吾不以师道为尚．不得已而用．何矜骄之有也．言用兵虽趣功济难．然时故不得已当复后用者．但当以除暴乱．不遂用果以为强也．壮武力暴兴．喩以兵强于天下者也．飘风不终朝．骤雨不终日．故暴兴必不道．早已也. | 以道佐人主者，謂人主能以道自輔佐也。不以兵強天下。以道自佐之主，不以兵革順天任德，敵人自服。其事好還。其舉事好還，自責不怨於人也。○好，去聲。還，音旋。師之所處，荊棘生焉。農事廢，天不修。大軍之後，必有凶年。天應之以惡氣，即害五穀，五穀盡，傷人也。善者果而已，善兵者，當果敢而已不休。不敢以取強。不以果敢取強大之名也。果而勿矜，當果敢謙卑，勿自矜大也。果而勿伐，當果敢推讓，勿自伐，取其美也。果而勿驕。驕，欺也。果敢勿以驕欺人。果而不得已，當果敢至誠，不當迫不得已也。果而勿強。果敢勿以為強兵堅甲，以侵陵人也。物壯則老，草木壯極則枯落，人壯極則衰老也。言強者不可以壯。是謂不道，枯老者，生不行道也。不道早已。不行道者早死。 |