逍遥游 · 原文
现代白话译文
北海有一条鱼,它的名字叫做鲲。鲲的体积巨大,不知道有几千里长。后来鲲变化成为一只鸟,名字叫做鹏。鹏的背脊,不知道有几千里长;当它振翅飞翔的时候,那展开的双翅就像悬挂在天空的云彩。这只鸟,当海动风起时就迁往南海。南海,就是天然的大池。 《齐谐》是记载怪异之事的书。《齐谐》上的话说:当鹏迁往南海的时候,振翅拍水,水面上激起三千里的波涛;鹏乘着旋风盘旋而上,一直飞到九万里的高空;它离开北海,是乘着六月的大风才去的。野马般的雾气,飞扬的尘埃,都是生物用气息相吹拂的结果。天色深蓝,是它真正的颜色呢?还是因为太远而没有尽头呢?鹏从高空往下看,也不过像人在地面上看天一样罢了。 水聚积得不深,那么它浮载大船就没有力量。倒杯水在堂上的低洼处,那么只能拿小草作船;放上一只杯子就粘住沉底了,这是因为水太浅而船太大了。风聚积得不够大,那么它承载巨大的翅膀就没有力量。所以鹏飞上九万里的高空,风就在下面了,然后才能乘风;背负着青天,没有什么东西阻挡它,然后才能谋划往南飞。 蝉和斑鸠嘲笑鹏说:我奋力起飞,碰到榆树和檀树就停下来,有时飞不到,也就落在地上罢了,为什么要飞九万里到南海去呢?到郊野去的人,只带三餐而当天返回,肚子还是饱饱的;到百里之外去的人,前一晚就要舂米准备粮食;到千里之外去的人,要提前三个月准备粮食。这两只小动物又知道什么呢!小智不能了解大智,寿命短的不能了解寿命长的。怎么知道是这样的呢?朝菌不知道月初和月底,蟪蛄不知道春天和秋天,这是寿命短的。楚国南边有只冥灵龟,以五百年为一个春季,五百年为一个秋季;上古有棵大椿树,以八千年为一个春季,八千年为一个秋季。这是寿命长的。彭祖到现在还以长寿闻名,大家都去和他比,这不是很可悲吗! 商汤问棘也是这样的话:在那草木不生的北方,有一个深海,就是天池。有条鱼,它的宽度有几千里,没有人知道它有多长,它的名字叫做鲲。有只鸟,名字叫做鹏,背脊像泰山,翅膀像悬挂在天空的云彩;乘着旋风盘旋而上九万里,穿过云气,背负着青天,然后计划往南飞,将要到南海去。斥安鸟嘲笑它说:它将要到哪里去呢?我腾跃而上,不过几仞高就落下来,在蓬蒿之间翱翔,这也是飞翔的极致了。而它将要到哪里去呢?这就是小和大的区别。 所以那些才智能够胜任一官之职,品行能够顺应一乡之心,德性能够符合一看之意,能力能够取得一国信任的人,他们看待自己,也像斥安鸟一样。而宋荣子仍然嘲笑他们。而且全世界都称赞他,他也不更加努力;全世界都批评他,他也不沮丧。他认定了内外的区别,辨别了荣辱的界限,就这样罢了。他在世上,并不急切地去追求什么。虽然这样,但他还有未曾树立的境界。列子乘风而行,飘然轻妙,十五天后返回。他对于追求幸福,从来没有急切的样子。这样虽然可以免于步行,但还是有所凭借的。如果能顺应自然的规律,驾驭六气的变化,以游于无穷的境界,他还凭借什么呢?所以说:至人忘我,神人不求建功,圣人不求名声。
英文译本 / English Translations
Burton Watson
In the northern darkness there is a fish and his name is Kun. The Kun is so huge that no one knows how many thousand li he measures. He changes and becomes a bird whose name is Peng. The back of the Peng measures I don't know how many thousand li across and, when he rises up and flies away, his wings are like clouds hanging from the sky. When the sea begins to move, this bird sets off for the southern darkness, which is the Lake of Heaven. The Universal Harmony records: When the Peng sets off for the southern darkness, he strikes the water for three thousand li and mounts the whirlwind up to ninety thousand li. He departs on the morning wind and returns in the evening. Above him are the mists and vapors, below him are the living things. And then he glories in the six-way freedom of journeying. The cicada and the little dove laugh at this, saying: We dash up to the elm and sandalwood tree, and sometimes we don't reach and just fall to the ground. What's the use of going up ninety thousand li?
Brook Ziporyn
In the darkness of the North, there is a fish, and its name is Kun. The Kun is huge-I do not know how many thousands of li it measures. Changing, it becomes a bird, called the Peng. The Peng's back-I do not know how many thousands of li it measures. When it rouses itself and flies, its wings are like clouds hanging from the sky. When the ocean moves, this bird travels to the Southern Ocean, which is the Lake of Heaven.